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A review on co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale to produce coke

Xiangchun Liu, Ping Cui, Qiang Ling, Zhigang Zhao, Ruilun Xie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 504-512 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1850-z

摘要： It has become the top priority for coking industry to rationally use and enlarge coking coal resources because of the shortage of the resources. This review focuses on the potential utilization of oil shale (OS) as a feedstock for coal-blending coking, in which the initial and basic step is pyrolysis. However, OS has a high ash content. If such OS is directly used for coal-blending coking, the coke product will not meet market demand. Therefore, this review firstly summarizes separation and beneficiation techniques for organic matter in OS, and provides an overview on coal and OS pyrolysis through several viewpoints (e.g., pyrolysis process, phenomena, and products). Then the exploratory studies on co-pyrolysis of coal with OS, including co-pyrolysis phenomena and process mechanism, are discussed. Finally, co-pyrolysis of different ranks of coals with OS in terms of coal-blending coking, where further research deserves to be performed, is suggested.

关键词： coal     oil shale     co-pyrolysis     coal blending coking     coke    

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Promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation by activated sludge under anoxic conditions

LI Yongmei, GU Guowei, LI Wenshu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 493-497 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0079-0

摘要： Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions. The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acc

关键词： wastewater treatment     coal-coking wastewater     promotive     degradation    

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煤 – 焦 – 氢 – 铁产业链发展关键技术与战略思考

赵英杰,易群,王涛,韩建超,崔阳,刘倩,任忠凯,刘元铭,黄庆学

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第5期   页码 103-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.014

摘要：

煤炭、焦化、钢铁等能源资源消耗型产业，是经济社会发展的重要基础，但也伴生高能耗和环境污染问题；随着碳达峰、碳中和目标的提出，统筹考虑资源禀赋、环境容量、产业基础等因素，构建绿色低碳且安全高效的煤炭、焦化、氢能、钢铁产业新体系，是加快推进我国能源生产与消费革命的重要举措。本文旨在梳理煤基制氢技术的发展现状，结合我国能源资源禀赋，焦化、钢铁、氢能产业现实要素基础，提出煤– 焦– 氢– 铁（气基直接还原铁）产业链发展的新思路。从经济性、能耗水平、碳排放等方面着手，对煤– 焦– 氢– 铁产业链中的5 种技术路径进行对比与评价，进而分析研判制氢技术耦合直接还原铁路径的发展潜力与战略选择；以山西省作为案例，具体阐述了煤– 焦– 氢– 铁产业链技术的发展目标与产业布局。研究建议，树立清洁低碳发展理念，依托煤– 焦– 氢– 铁产业链推进能源转型发展，制定煤– 焦– 氢– 铁产业集群整体发展规划，协同推进相关产业链的政策、科技、人才、市场融合。

关键词： 直接还原铁     产业链     能源转型     焦化     氢能    

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil     blending     supercritical     upgrading     characterisation    

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification     Nanoparticle     Hydrophilic     Amphiphilic     Blending    

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CCD测温在现代焦化炉中的应用

蒋亚龙,袁宏永

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第4期   页码 73-75

摘要：

焦化炉是石化行业很重要的一个设备，随时了解它的温度场分布和掌握它的运行状态一直是一个备受人们关注的问题。就CCD测温在现代焦化炉中的应用进行了介绍，阐述它的原理，指出了它今后发展的方向，最后举例说明该方法在现代工程上可行，并取得了比较令人满意的结果。

关键词： CCD     焦化     温度测量    

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Application of probabilistic risk assessment at a coking plant site contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic

XIA Tianxiang,JIANG Lin,JIA Xiaoyang,ZHONG Maosheng,LIANG Jing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 441-450 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0572-6

摘要： Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and Deterministic Risk Assessment (DRA) at a coking plant site was compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient (HQ) following exposure to Naphthalene (Nap) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) following exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) were 1.87 and 2.12 × 10 . PRA revealed valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and risk estimates of DRA located at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, which indicated that DRA overestimated the risk. Cleanup levels corresponding acceptable HQ level of 1 and ILCR level of 10 were also calculated for both DRA and PRA. Nap and Bap cleanup levels were 192.85 and 0.14 mg·kg by DRA, which would result in only 0.25% and 0.06% of the exposed population to have a risk higher than the acceptable risk, according to the outputs of PRA. The application of PRA on cleanup levels derivation would lift the cleanup levels 1.9 times for Nap and 2.4 times for Bap than which derived by DRA. For this coking plant site, the remediation scale and cost will be reduced in a large portion once the method of PRA is used. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating the contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it was found that contaminant concentration in the soil ( ), exposure duration ( ), total hours spent outdoor per day ( ), soil ingestion rate ( ), the air breathing rate ( ) and bodyweight ( ) were the most important parameters for risk and cleanup levels calculations.

关键词： Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)     a coking plant     risk     cleanup level     sensitivity analysis     polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)    

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Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017022

摘要： The empirical Complex Model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used by refiners to predict the toxic emissions of reformulated gasoline with respect to gasoline properties. The difficulty in implementing this model in the blending process stems from the implicit definition of Complex Model through a series of disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. A major breakthrough in the refinery-based Complex Model implementation occurred in 2008 and 2010 through the use of generalized disjunctive and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Nevertheless, the execution time of these MINLP models remains prohibitively long to control emissions with our online gasoline blender. The first objective of this study is to present a new model that decreases the execution time of our online controller. The second objective is to consider toxic thresholds as hard constraints to be verified and search for blends that verify them. Our approach introduces a new way to write the Complex Model without any binary or integer variables. Sigmoid functions are used herein to approximate step functions until the measurement precision for each blend property is reached. By knowing this level of precision, we are able to propose an extremely good and differentiable approximation of the Complex Model. Next, a differentiable objective function is introduced to penalize emission values higher than the threshold emissions. Our optimization module has been implemented and tested with real data. The execution time never exceeded 1 s, which allows the online regulation of emissions the same way as other traditional properties of blended gasoline.

关键词： emissions     reformulated gasoline     online control     global optimization    

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Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1249-1260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0770-4

摘要： This study extended blending proportion range of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends, and investigated effects of proportions on setting time, workability, and strength development of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to help understand the performance of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. The setting time of the OPC-CSA blends was extended, and the workability was improved with increase of OPC content. Although the early-age strength decreased with increase of OPC content, the strength development was still very fast when the OPC content was lower than 60% due to the rapid formation and accumulation of ettringite. At 2 h, the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars with OPC contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% achieved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 17.5, 13.9, 9.6, and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The OPC content had a negligible influence on long-term strength. At 90 d, the average UCS of the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars was 39.2 ± 1.7 MPa.

关键词： calcium sulfoaluminate cement     cement blends     hydration reaction     setting     workability     compressive strength    

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微生物絮凝剂的絮凝条件及焦化废水净化研究

魏晓金,李静,何绪文

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第2期   页码 88-91

摘要：

从活性污泥中筛选出一株能产高效絮凝剂的芽孢杆菌，对该菌产生的微生物絮凝剂进行了絮凝条 件及废水絮凝实验研究。结果表明，微生物絮凝剂最佳絮凝条件为：原水pH值7.0以上；助凝剂CaCl2 （1％ 浓度）适宜投加量为 5.0 ％ ；发酵液的适宜投加量为0.2％ ；发酵液较好的离心条件为n ＝ 4000转/min， t ＝ 30 min。在最佳絮凝条件下，该菌产生的微生物絮凝剂对多种废水净化效果明显。

关键词： 微生物絮凝剂     絮凝条件     焦化废水净化    

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PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized

Shuai Wang, Tong Li, Chen Chen, Baicang Liu, John C. Crittenden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0980-0

摘要： Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at different reaction times (9 h, 19 h, and 29 h). The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixture containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF-g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping more PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L·m ·h , 1068 L·m ·h and 1179 L·m ·h , respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane     Amphiphilic copolymer     Blended modification     High flux     Atomic transfer radical polymerization    

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我国天然气掺氢产业发展研究

仲冰,张学秀,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 100-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.011

摘要：

氢能产业是实现终端用能绿色低碳转型的重要依托，而氢能输送效率是现阶段制约氢能产业发展的瓶颈环节；天然气管道掺氢输送可在短期内提升氢能的时空调配规模与效率，为扩大氢能应用规模提供解决方案。本文在界定天然气掺氢产业链范畴的基础上，探讨了发展天然气掺氢产业在推动氢能产业发展、解决可再生能源消纳、保障能源供应安全、实现终端用能深度减碳、推动能源科技创新等方面的重要价值；梳理了天然气掺氢产业的国际进展、国内现状，据此凝练了掺氢比例、管材及终端设备适应性、安全性、经济性等关键问题。研究建议，加强天然气掺氢产业顶层设计，构建适合我国国情的天然气掺氢产业安全监管、技术与运营管理标准体系；以政府引导、企业主导、多方参与、利益共享为原则，积极布局掺氢天然气示范项目；探索形成掺氢天然气多元化应用场景与商业模式，培育健康可持续的天然气掺氢产业生态圈，从而稳步推动掺氢天然气产业规模化发展。

关键词： 天然气掺氢     氢能运输     天然气管网     可再生能源消纳     产业规模化    

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Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 560-568 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0588-5

摘要： Renewable energy is the key to meeting increasing electricity demand and the decarburization targets in the generation mix. However, due to constrained power network capacity, a large volume of renewable generation is curtailed particularly from wind power, which is a huge waste of resources. There are typically three approaches to addressing excessive renewable: direct curtailment, the reinforcement of networks to expand transfer capacity, and the conversion of excessive renewable into other energy types, such as hydrogen, to transport. The costs and benefits of the three approaches could vary significantly across location, time, and penetration of renewable energy. This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis and comparison of the three techniques to address wind curtailment. It uses a reduced 16-busbar UK transmission network to analyze the performance of the three approaches. The UK 2020 generation mix is used to quantify the saved renewable energy and incurred costs. The payback time and net present value of the two investment techniques are compared. From demonstration, it is reasonable to conclude that converting excessive wind power into hydrogen to transport is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to address wind curtailment.

关键词： blending hydrogen     cost-benefit analysis     electrolysis     wind curtailment    

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新一代煤化工和洁净煤技术利用现状分析与对策建议

谢克昌

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第6期   页码 15-24

摘要：

在论述煤炭的战略地位、利用现状和分析新一代煤化工技术与洁净煤技术利用现状的基础上，以科学规划所应遵循的原则，结合作者的科研实践，提出了我国发展新一代煤化工和洁净煤利用技术的建议。

关键词： 煤化工     洁净煤技术     对策    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A review on co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale to produce coke

Xiangchun Liu, Ping Cui, Qiang Ling, Zhigang Zhao, Ruilun Xie

期刊论文

Promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation by activated sludge under anoxic conditions

LI Yongmei, GU Guowei, LI Wenshu

期刊论文

煤 – 焦 – 氢 – 铁产业链发展关键技术与战略思考

赵英杰,易群,王涛,韩建超,崔阳,刘倩,任忠凯,刘元铭,黄庆学

期刊论文

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

期刊论文

Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

期刊论文

CCD测温在现代焦化炉中的应用

蒋亚龙,袁宏永

期刊论文

Application of probabilistic risk assessment at a coking plant site contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic

XIA Tianxiang,JIANG Lin,JIA Xiaoyang,ZHONG Maosheng,LIANG Jing

期刊论文

Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

期刊论文

Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

期刊论文

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝条件及焦化废水净化研究

魏晓金,李静,何绪文

期刊论文

PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized

Shuai Wang, Tong Li, Chen Chen, Baicang Liu, John C. Crittenden

期刊论文

我国天然气掺氢产业发展研究

仲冰,张学秀,张博,彭苏萍

期刊论文

Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

期刊论文

Innovative approach of low carbon and efficient utilization of coal resources: The polygeneration systemof a combination of the gasified coal gas and the pyrolyzed coal gas to form the synthetic gas

Kechang XIE, Fan LI

期刊论文

新一代煤化工和洁净煤技术利用现状分析与对策建议

谢克昌

期刊论文